Came across this in some of my car info notes. Cant remember who posted it or when:
"Whell this is the info I had gather regarding the cam specs,
Unfortunatly I pasted them in the order that interested me and not that in wich they where written,
The following was posted last to first originaly.
Other threads I found are bolow the doted line:
CROWER REGRIND
And here is the common Crower regrind: (thanks to Sick)
NOTE: CROWER MADE A MISTAKE IN THIS SHEET - READ ON!
Well this is what i took me forever to figure out, Crower's cam. Some thing just didn't line up. The original timing numbers simply don't match the duration given (every thing in this post will be at .050 lift) If you add the timing together of the original you end up with:
In: 212* not = stated 190*
EX:228* not = stated 200*
So which one is right??
To find out we have to look at Lobe Separation - remember:
{[(in. dur / 2) - dist BTDC] + [(ex. dur / 2) - dist ATDC]} / 2 = Lobe Separation
{[(190/2) - 11] + [(200/2) - 14} /2 = 85* Lobe Separation ?!?
Thats impossible when you consider that this is a regrind. So whats the problem? The timing numbers are the problem. When they wrote this the got confused with their - signs lol. Who writes - ATDC any way?? Look this is how it SHOULD be.
Now all the timing numbers line up with the duration: 180-11+21=190 and 180-14+34=200
Ok what about Lobe Separation:
{[(190/2) + 11] + [(200/2) + 14} /2 = 110* Lobe Separation
And Finally Overlap:
190 + 200
---------- - 110 = -12.5 x 2 = -25* OVERLAP
4
Conclusion:
Here I'm basicaly just putting all the numbers in one place for easy use/reference.
If you're still confused on the math, here's a great calculator with an easy-to-understand explaination of cams:
Camshaft Technology and Calculations
STOCK CAM
Lobe Lift
Cam Lift (Intake): .210"
Cam Lift (Exhaust): .197" *TR-Mx6 found .230"*:
https://www.mx6.com/forums/showthread...20#post1517020
Valve Lift
Intake valve lift = 0.374
Exhaust valve Lift = 0.410 *based on .230" exhaust lobe lift*
So divide one with the other and you get the ratio of the rockers at max lift.
Rocker arm ratio = 1.78
Duration at .000''
Lobe duration (Intake): 239º
Lobe duration (Exhaust): 247º
Duration at .050''
Lobe duration (Intake): 197º
Lobe duration (Exhaust): 208º
Valve timing stock: (.000'' lift)
IN: Open BTDC 10º
IN: Close ABDC 49º
EX: Open BBDC 55º
EX: Close ATDC 12º
Overlap
@ .000 lift: 22º
@ .050 lift: -18.5º
CROWER
Lobe Lift
Intake : .333/1.5 = .222 Cam Lift*
Exhaust : .368/1.5 = .245 Cam Lift*
* Given numbers are divided by 1.5 b/c the sheet crower provided says: "the specs listed above are based on a rockerarm ratio of 1.5"
Valve Lift
So, thats the crower lobe lifts. Now for that cam with our 1.78 rockerarm ratio, it would look more like this.
Intake : .222 X 1.78 = .395
Exhaust : .245 X 1.78 = .436
Duration at .000''
duration (Intake): 254º
duration (Exhaust): 264º
Duration at .050''
duration (Intake): 190º
duration (Exhaust): 200º
Valve timing: (.050'' lift) - so these are the times when the cam lift =.050
IN: opening BTDC -11º (or 11º ATDC)
IN: closing. ABDC 21º
EX: opening BBDC 34º
EX: closing ATDC -14º (or 14º BTDC)
Overlap
@ .000 lift: 39º
@ .050 lift: -25º
Crower's .000 duration is pretty long yet it keeps the duration @ .050 or greater lower than stock to reduce overlap. They had to do that b/c they are trying to lift the valves much further than stock (.222, .245 vs .210, .197) and moving valves to a higher lift in a shorter time will force the valve to move much faster - that means, you guessed, it more inertia and more wear. Having more duration below .050 lift helps out - how much i don't know.
COLTCAMS - C.444.H (stage 1)
Exhaust : .368/1.78 = .207" Cam Lift
Intake : .378/1.78 = .212" Cam Lift
Valve Lift (Intake): .368"
Valve Lift (Exhaust): .378" - less than stock
Duration at .000''
In: 260°
Ex: 262°
Duration at .050''
In: 186º
Ex: 187º
COLTCAMS - C.444.H (stage 1) Overlap *Guesstamated!!*
@ .000 lift: 20.5º
@ .050 lift: -16.5º
COLTCAMS - C.446.H TRI FLOW
Lobe Lift
Intake : Prim .381/1.78 = .214"Cam Lift Sec .373/1.78= .210"Cam Lift
Exhaust : .387/1.78 = .217 Cam Lift
Valve Lift
(Intake): Prim .381"/Sec .373"
(Exhaust): .387" - less than stock
Duration at .000''
Prim. In: 274°
Sec. In: 262°
Ex: 276° .387 Lift
Duration at .050''
Prim. In: 193°
Sec. In: 185°
EX: 193°
Duration:
Duration is critical to a turbo setup since its probably the single most important event of a turbo motor (i.e. time valve sits open and closed). Since the air is being forced instead of drawn into and out of the combustion chamber, duration will be your largest variable on how that incoming/outgoing air is managed.
Duration when using a manifold or log design on most turbo cams is usually about 6 degrees more intake duration than exhaust duration (226/220, 240/234). This is mainly because a manifold/log design will typically see higher then a 2:1 pressure ratio in the exhaust ( as high as 4:1 with some logs). By using a reverse split duration this will somewhat help prevent from getting exhaust gas reversion.
Duration when using an efficient header setup with most turbo cams will usually be (230/230, 224/224) or better known as a dual pattern cam. The thinking is with the exhaust backpressure being only 2:1 you can leave the exhaust valve open a little longer then if the exhaust backpressure was 3:1 or higher. Also some of the new turbo designs produce a much lower backpressure with the advent of better flowing turbine wheels and housings which further decrease the total amount of backpressure created by the system.
Overlap:
Overlap definition, is the time period when both the exhaust valve and the intake valve are open at the same time. The exhaust valve needs to stay open after the piston passes TDC in order to use the vacuum created of the exiting exhaust gases to maximize the amount of exhaust gas drawn out of the cylinder. The intake valve opens before TDC in order to use the vacuum created by the exiting exhaust gases to start drawing the intake charge into the cylinder.
This sequence of events above are controlled by the duration and LS (Lobe separation) of the cam. On a typical N/A motor this is essential since you have no pressure being developed on the intake side to push the charge into the combustion chamber. The problem with this event is a turbocharged motor will create a larger amount of backpressure on the exhaust side. Due to this event the above definition will not apply. Reason being is, when the intake valve opens at BTDC, the burned gasses in the chamber will exit out the intake since the pressure is lower than the exhaust. Since this is true you would not want to open the intake valve until the piston has started going down, ATDC. This will lower the combustion chamber pressure till it's below the intake manifold pressure.
To calculate the overlap of your cam simply follow these steps below:
**Example turbo cam:**
Duration @ .006 218/212
Lift .544/.544 lift
Lobe Separation (LS) 114
Add the intake and exhaust durations
Divide the results by 4
Subtract the LSA
Multiply the results by 2
Overlap is -13 Degrees of overlap
**Example N/A cam :**
Duration 236/242
Lift .568/.576
Lobe Separation (LS) 112
Add the intake and exhaust durations
Divide the results by 4
Subtract the LSA
Multiply the results by 2
Overlap is 15 degrees of overlap
Above was the process on how to calculate your cams overlap. As you can see, the overlap in the 2 cams differ greatly. Running the N/A cam example on a manifold setup would be a horribly in-efficient setup and the engine would be operating well below its potential output. While running the example turbo cam would work well even with the most in-efficient of the header systems out there. Typically a overlap spread of -8 degrees to +2 is a safe bet. Of course this will differ with whatever combination header, turbo and exhaust is used, so those #'s could be higher or lower.